India is embarking on an ambitious journey aimed at quadrupling its underground coal production by 2030, setting a formidable target of 100 million tonnes. This endeavour stands as a testament to India's pursuit of energy self-sufficiency and a greener future, yet it faces a maze of economic, technical, and environmental challenges. The path ahead is fraught with obstacles such as the high costs of deep mining and the critical need for a skilled workforce, prompting industry leaders and government officials to navigate uncharted territory.

Economic Challenges of Underground Mining

Transitioning to underground mining poses significant economic hurdles. The cost of underground mining averages around Rs 6,000 per tonne, in stark contrast to the Rs 1,500 to Rs 1,800 per tonne cost of open-cast mining. Addressing these costs, M. Prasanna Kumar, CMD at NLC India Limited, highlighted the potential of technological innovations and economies of scale as solutions. Kumar underscored the role of technology, citing digital intervention and the use of unmanned heavy mining equipment to optimize high-cost underground mining activities.

Government's Policy Framework

Coal Secretary Amrit Lal Meena stressed the government's commitment to formulating a supportive policy framework for this transition, drawing from recommendations provided by a high-level committee. Meena affirmed that the ministry is currently deliberating on the committee's suggestions to devise an appropriate policy framework.

Expert Perspectives on Cost Efficiency and Environmental Impact

To ensure cost competitiveness amid the surge in production, experts emphasize technological advancements and policy interventions. Kumar outlined the environmental and economic benefits of underground mining, pointing out lower environmental compliance costs due to less ground-level damage.

Balancing Costs in Global Markets

Legal experts like M. Arun Kumar from IndusLaw suggest exploring alternative methodologies, such as longwall mining technology, to balance increased costs with global competitiveness. Arun Kumar highlighted the viability of longwall mining, citing fewer roof-control problems and reduced maintenance costs compared to conventional board and pillar underground mining.

Talent Development and Safety Measures

As the industry transitions, the focus on recruiting and training a specialized workforce becomes crucial. Prasanna Kumar advocated for establishing a national-level institute dedicated to training mining engineers for underground operations. Safety remains paramount, with continuous monitoring of equipment and human involvement pivotal to ensuring a safe working environment.

Technological Innovations to Mitigate Costs

In the pursuit of expanded underground coal mining, technological advances like underground coal gasification are being explored to alleviate the higher associated costs.

Awaiting Policy Clarity

The coal industry eagerly anticipates comprehensive policy guidelines from the Ministry of Coal. These forthcoming directives are expected to shed light on the government's strategic plans and policy interventions to fortify underground coal production.

Looking Ahead

India's bold endeavour to ramp up underground coal mining represents a multifaceted challenge involving cost management, technology integration, policy reinforcement, and talent cultivation. The outcome will significantly impact India's economy, coal industry competitiveness, and environmentally conscious mining practices. With insights from industry experts and an imminent policy framework, India's narrative on underground coal mining is poised to garner global attention.