As the global climate crisis becomes more urgent, there is a growing global effort to restore a clean environment. India, with its increasing energy demand, recognizes the need to move away from reliance on coal-based energy in the future. Both the Indian government and the power sector are intensifying their efforts to find alternatives to coal and reduce the country's dependence on it.

India has committed to building renewable energy capacity of up to 500GW by 2030, making emerging energy technologies an exciting area of focus. The government is taking significant steps to promote clean energy sources such as solar and wind. The number of new solar and wind generation units surpasses the number of new coal energy generation units, indicating the growing prominence of alternative energy as a top growth sector.

Currently, India heavily relies on traditional energy sources, with estimates suggesting that fossil-based energy (coal, gas, oil, and lignite) accounts for over 60% of the country's energy supply. This presents a significant opportunity for non-fossil fuel alternatives like solar, wind, bioenergy, waste, and nuclear power to grow in the future. Additionally, the energy storage sector in India needs to be modernized to keep up with the increasing energy generation.

To promote research and development in emerging technologies in the power sector, the Indian government has launched the "Mission on Advance and High-Impact Research (MAHIR)" initiative. The government envisions these new power technologies playing a vital role in India's future economic growth.

However, with the rapid development and modernization in various sectors, the energy demand in India is projected to increase significantly. By 2030, the country's total energy demand is expected to exceed 820GW, four times the current demand. Transmission and distribution losses pose a significant challenge, with approximately 20% of the energy produced being lost during these processes, which is double the global average.

In recent times, several emerging technologies, including renewable energy, energy storage, battery technology, hydrogen power, and digital energy technology, have gained momentum in India as the country strives to meet its growing energy demand and address the challenges in the energy sector.